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Hanifa Begum ‘Abru’

Hanifa Begum (1881–1943), known by her pen name ‘Abru’, was a pioneering Indian feminist, educationist, and social reformer in the early 20th century. A gifted orator, poet, and prose writer, she was also the sister of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, with...

Sardar Dulhan (Khusrau Jahan Begam)

In the early 20th-century court of Bhopal, a state renowned for its succession of female rulers, the noblewoman Sardar Dulhan, also known as Khusrau Jahan Begam, carved a unique legacy as a chronicler of royal life. It is crucial to distinguish her from her powerful...